2014CAP Prize Exam加拿大高中物理大奖赛真题答案下载

历年CAP High School Prize Exam加拿大高中物理大奖赛

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2014 CAP Prize Exam完整版真题免费下载

共计3小时考试时间

此套试卷由25道选择题以及3道大题组成

每道大题含有不同数量的小题

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2014 CAP Prize Exam完整版真题

2014CAP Prize Exam加拿大物理奥林匹克完整版答案免费下载

部分真题答案预览：

Part A选择题部分：

1. F
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C

Part B简答题部分

Solution to Problem 2：

Problem 2 The main span of the Lion Gate Bridge has a length of 473m. On each end there are the expansion joints like the one on the photo below. They allow the span to expand horizontally without warping the steel frame of the span. One day the temperature in Vancouver changed from -4 to +15 degrees between 6 in the morning and 2 in the afternoon.

1. a) What was the average speed of the “tooth” in one of the expansion joints?
2. b) At 6 in the morning a piece of tire rubber fell into a crack in front of one of the “fingers”, filling it completely.

2

The rubber was 10 cm long and had a cross section of 4 cm. What was the force acting on the rubber along its length at 2 PM?

1. c) What will be the vertical force needed to pull this piece of rubber vertically to remove it?

Clearly state all the assumptions that you made while solving this problem.

Data: The elastic constant of such a piece of rubber compressed along its length is 28N/m. The coefficient of friction between the rubber and steel is 0.35.

-6 -1

The linear Expansion coefficient of steel is 13

10K.

-6 -1

The linear Expansion coefficient of rubber is 77

10K.

1. a) In 8 hours the span increases its length by:

-6 -1

L = L0! T = 473 m• 13

10K• (15-(-4))K = 0.12 m It expands uniformly in both directions so the tooth moves by 0.06 m The speed is

-6

0.06/(8•3600) = 2•10 m/s = 2 "m/s

1. b) The expansion of cm of rubber is negligible so we can assume that it was compressed by 0.06m so force acting on the rubber from the sides is F = k x = 28N/m0.06 = 1.6 N
2. c) It acts on both sides of the rubber so total normal force is twice that = 3.2 N The force of friction is about 3.20.35 = 1.1 N To lift the rubber one has to apply this force plus weight of rubber. We did not specify the density of rubber (which is 1.1•10³ kg/m³) so one could ignore it or say that this density was similar to water and calculate the weight to be about 0.15 N. So the force needed to pull the rubber was about 1.2 N

Assumptions: Uniform expansion of the span of the bridge in both directions due only to the expansion of the steel. Rubber compressed uniformly without “buckling”. Thermal expansion of the rubber was negligible compared to its compression by the tooth.

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