哈佛国际经济学论文大赛由哈佛大学本科生经济学协会（HUEA）和《哈佛大学经济评论》（HCER）联合主办。本次论文比赛面向所有高中生，让学生有机会展示自己的写作水平和对经济理论的理解。通过比赛，学生可以磨练学术和专业技能，并向未来的雇主很好的展示自己，获得更多学术项目。

参赛者须利用经济理论和现实案例提出一个令人信服的论点。获奖论文将发表在《哈佛经济评论》（Harvard Economics Review）上，供更多哈佛人阅读。论文应侧重于以事实和参考文献为支撑的论证，当然也欢迎基于数据撰写的论文。

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2025赛季题目已公布：

1.环境- Environment

Carbon taxes have been implemented in many countries, including in Europe and the United States, and are considered to play a significant role in regulating greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are criticisms regarding this approach, such as the argument that it is not effective because enterprises may keep polluting as long as they pay the cost. Additionally, the competitive advantage of imported products from countries without carbon taxes raises questions about its effectiveness. What unique effects can be anticipated from carbon taxes compared to subsidies for renewable energy? To address the concerns currently raised about carbon taxation, what potential alternatives could be considered?

包括欧洲和美国在内的许多国家都实施了碳税，并认为碳税在调节温室气体排放方面发挥了重要作用。

然而，也有人对这种方法提出了疑问，例如有人认为这种方法并不有效，因为企业只要支付了成本，就可能继续产生污染。

此外，没有征收碳税的国家的进口产品具有竞争优势，这也让人质疑其有效性。

与可再生能源补贴相比，碳税有哪些独特效果？为了解决目前人们对碳税的担忧，可以考虑哪些潜在的替代方案？

2.不平等- Inequality

Consider a country where income taxes are used to address socioeconomic inequality by taxing a portion of citizens' earnings, typically in a way that is proportional to income. Now, imagine that this government is debating a policy shift that would eliminate income taxes for all employed persons, replacing them with a new consumption tax on goods and services, proportional to the value of each item purchased. Analyze the potential short - term and long - term economic and social effects of this policy shift within this country, as well as possible impacts on its relationships with other nations. Would you recommend this approach as a viable alternative to income taxes? Additionally, consider how at least two different groups (e.g., high - income earners, retirees, unemployed persons) might view this policy change. Would they likely support or oppose it, and why?

假设在一个国家，所得税是通过对公民收入的一部分征税来解决社会经济不平等问题的，征税方式通常与收入成正比。

现在，假设这个国家的政府正在讨论一项政策调整，取消对所有就业人员征收所得税，取而代之的是对商品和服务征收新的消费税，税率与购买的每件物品的价值成正比。

请分析这一政策转变对本国经济和社会可能产生的短期和长期影响，以及对本国与其他国家关系可能产生的影响。你是否建议将此方法作为所得税的可行替代方案？

此外，请考虑至少两个不同的群体（如高收入者、退休人员、失业人员）会如何看待这一政策变化。他们会支持还是反对，为什么？

3.劳动力和教育 Workforce & Education

As automation and technological advancements continue to reshape industries, the skill sets required in the workforce are rapidly changing. How should education systems adapt to prepare students for a future dominated by automation and artificial intelligence? Evaluate the potential economic impact of reorienting education around STEM fields versus soft skills and critical thinking. What changes can be made at both the policy and institutional levels to ensure a workforce that is resilient and capable of thriving in an automated world?

随着自动化和技术进步不断重塑各行各业，劳动力所需的技能组合也在迅速变化。

教育系统应如何调整，以培养学生适应由自动化和人工智能主导的未来？

请评估围绕科学、技术、工程和数学领域调整教育方向，相对于软技能和批判性思维会产生什么潜在经济影响？

在政策和制度层面可以做出哪些改变，以确保劳动力具有适应力，能够在自动化世界中茁壮成长？

4.加密货币/金融 Crypto/Finance

With the rise of cryptocurrencies and the potential introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), the role of traditional central banks may undergo significant shifts. How might the widespread adoption of digital currencies affect monetary policy, financial stability, and global capital flows? Should central banks regulate or embrace these innovations? Discuss the potential benefits and risks of digital currencies for consumers, businesses, and governments, and analyze how monetary systems could evolve in response.

随着加密货币的兴起和央行数字货币（CBDCs）的潜在引入，传统央行的角色可能会发生重大转变。

数字货币的广泛采用会如何影响货币政策、金融稳定和全球资本流动？中央银行应该监管还是拥抱这些创新？

讨论数字货币对消费者、企业和政府的潜在利益和风险，并分析货币体系可能如何演变以应对。