Equipotential Surfaces Equipotential lines (when working in 2D) and surfaces (when working in 3D) join together points that have the same gravitational potential These are always: Perpendicular to ...
Gravitational & Electrostatic Potential Gravitational Potential The gravitational potential energy (G.P.E) is the energy an object has when lifted off the ground G.P.E is given by the familiar ...
Gravitational & Electrostatic Field Lines Gravitational Field Lines The direction of a gravitational field is represented by gravitational field lines The gravitational field lines around a poi...
Gravitational & Electrostatic Fields A field can be defined as A region in which an object will experience a force, such as gravitational or electrostatic, at a distance A gravitational field c...
The Doppler Equation Calculating Doppler Shift When a source of sound waves moves relative to a stationary observer, the observed frequency can be calculated using the equation below: Doppler shift...
Uses of The Doppler Effect The Doppler effect is important in many key areas of science including: Radar readings for moving objects Measuring the rate of blood flow within a patient Finding planet...
The Doppler Effect When a source of sound, such as the whistle of a train or the siren of an ambulance, moves away from an observer: It appears to decrease in frequency, i.e. it sounds lower in pit...
Resolvance of Diffraction Gratings In order to know if a diffraction grating is able to resolve two wavelengths, the resolving power of the diffraction grating must be found This is based on the Ra...
Rayleigh Criterion Calculations The Rayleigh Criterion can be mathematically described by considering angular separation and single-slit diffraction Angular separation can be calculated using the e...
