Ventilation Ventilation can be defined as The replacement of older air in the lungs with fresh air from the body's external environment Ventilation is essential for the effective exchange of gases ...
Antibiotic Resistance Within a bacterial population, there is variation caused by mutations (as occurs in populations of all species) A chance mutation might cause some bacteria to become resistant...
Antibiotics Antibiotics are drugs that inhibit the growth of microorganisms Most antibiotics kill or stop the growth of bacteria (prokaryotes) but do not harm the cells of the infected organism Thi...
White Blood Cells Phagocytes are white blood cells that are produced continuously in the bone marrow They are responsible for removing dead cells and invasive microorganisms; a non-specific immune ...
Platelets When the skin is cut, microorganisms have an entry point to get into the body The first line of defence is compromised In order to minimise the risk of substantial blood loss and entry of...
Skin The skin and mucous membranes form a primary defence against pathogens that cause infectious disease Skin is the largest organ of the body and is covered in microorganisms that usually cause n...
The Structure of the Heart Heart structure The heart has two sides: The left side pumps oxygenated blood around the body in the systemic circulation The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the l...
Heart Rate: Alteration by Nervous System Although the heart muscle maintains a base heart rate via myogenic stimulation, there are several circumstances that can cause an individual's heart rate to...
Introduction to the Heart Mammalian heart structure The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity The heart is divided into four chambers The two top chambers are atria The bott...
