Alcohols & Ethers Alcohols Alcohols are a family of molecules that contain the hydroxyl functional group, -OH Their general formula is CnH2n+1OH The nomenclature of alcohols follows the patter...
Halogenoalkanes Halogenoalkanes or Haloalkanes have the general molecular formula, CnH2n+1X, where X represents a halogen Haloalkanes are named using the prefix chloro-, bromo- or iodo-, with the e...
Alkanes Hydrocarbons are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only There are four families of hydrocarbons you should know: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes Alkanes have the general molecul...
Nomenclature Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system and the stem of each name...
Representing Formulae Organic compounds can be represented in a number of ways: Empirical Formulae Molecular Formulae Structural Formulae Condensed Structural Formulae The empirical formula shows t...
Homologous Series Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enables it to form long c...
Electrolytic Cells An ionic compound conducts electricity when it is molten or in solution The current causes the ionic compound to split up and form new substances. This process is called electrol...
Voltaic Cells Voltaic (or Galvanic) cells generate electricity from spontaneous redox reactions For example: Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq)→ Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) Instead of electrons being transferred direct...
The Winkler Method The Winkler Method is a technique used to measure dissolved oxygen in freshwater systems Dissolved oxygen is used as an indicator of the health of a water body, where higher diss...
