Magnification & Measuring Size Magnification is how many times bigger the image of a specimen observed is in comparison to the actual, real-life size of the specimen A light microscope has two ...
Using a Microscope Many biological structures are too small to be seen by the naked eye Optical microscopes are an invaluable tool for scientists as they allow for tissues, cells and organelles to ...
Organisation of Cells Cell theory states that cells are the basic functional unit of all living organisms Cells can become specialised for specific functions, e.g. Epithelial cells in the small int...
Prokaryotic Cells: Structure Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria are a type of prokaryote Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells They also diffe...
Eukaryotic Cells: Structure Cells can be divided into two broad types; eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells have a more complex ultrastructure than prokaryotic cells The term ultrastru...
Cell Theory Until microscopes became powerful enough to view individual cells, no-one knew for certain what living organisms were made from A scientist called Robert Hooke is thought to be the firs...
Genetic Screening: Uses Some circumstances, e.g. in a pregnancy where there is a family history of a genetic disorder, may require individuals to determine if they have a particular allele present ...
Chi-squared Test The difference between expected and observed results in experiments can be statistically significant or insignificant (happened by chance) If the difference between results is stat...
Monohybrid Crosses Monohybrid inheritance looks at how the alleles for a single gene are passed on from one generation to the next Known information about the genotypes, phenotypes and the process ...
