Entry Routes of Pathogens In order for pathogens to cause disease they need to enter the body There are four main ways in which pathogens can enter Broken skin This provides direct access to the ti...
Structure of Bacteria & Viruses Bacteria Bacteria are small, single-celled prokaryotes Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells They also differ from eukaryotic cells in having ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction Every person, with the exception of identical twins, has a unique DNA sequence which can be used to create a DNA profile This is very useful in forensic science as it prov...
Micro-organisms: Decomposition & Nutrient Recycling Dead plants and animals are broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi These organisms are known as decomposers These decompose...
Determining the Time of Death Forensics is the use of science in the investigation of criminal activities It involves the collection and analysis of evidence from a potential crime scene e.g. the s...
Evidence of Evolution & the Scientific Community The theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted by the scientific community due to its being supported by a great deal of ev...
Speciation The theory of evolution states that species do not stay the same, but change over time; this can lead to the process of speciation Speciation can be defined as the development of new spe...
Evolution by Natural Selection Species do not stay the same over time; the species that we see around us today have developed over millions of years This process of species change is known as evolu...
Reducing Climate Change The use of extrapolation to model climate change shows that the consequences of global warming could be extremely serious for humans and global biodiversity if we continue w...
