Lipids Lipids Lipids are macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Unlike carbohydrates, lipids contain a lower proportion of oxygen Lipids are non-polar and hydrophobic (insol...
Biochemical Tests: Reducing Sugars & Starch There are a number of tests that can be carried out quickly and easily in a lab to determine if a sample contains a certain type of sugar The followi...
Polysaccharides: Structure Starch, glycogen and cellulose are polysaccharides Polysaccharides are macromolecules (polymers) that are formed by many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in a c...
The Glycosidic Bond Forming the glycosidic bond To make monosaccharides more suitable for transport, storage and to have less influence on a cell’s osmolarity, they are bonded together to form disa...
Monosaccharides Sugars can be classified as reducing or non-reducing; this classification is dependent on their ability to donate electrons Reducing sugars can donate electrons (the carbonyl group ...
Monomers & Polymers There is a massive variety of life within and between organisms however the biochemical basis of life is similar for all living things The key molecules that are requ...
Properties of Water Water is of great biological importance. It is the medium in which all metabolic reactions take place in cells. Between 70% to 95% of the mass of a cell is water As 71% of the E...
Comparison of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria are a type of prokaryote Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic c...
The Cytoskeleton Within the cytoplasm of cells, there is an extensive network of protein fibres This is known as the cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is made up of two main types of protein fib...
