Structure of ATP & ADP All organisms require a constant supply of energy to maintain their cells and stay alive In all organisms this energy is required for: Anabolic reactions (building larger...
Nucleotides DNA and RNA are nucleic acids: polymers that are made up of many repeating units (monomers) called nucleotides Each nucleotide is formed from: A pentose sugar (a sugar with 5 carbon ato...
Chromatography Chromatography is a technique that can be used to separate a mixture into its individual components Chromatography relies on differences in the solubility of the different chemicals ...
Finding the Concentration of a Substance Benedict’s solution can be used to carry out a semi-quantitative test on a reducing sugar solution to determine the concentration of reducing sugar present ...
Biochemical Tests: Proteins The Biuret test can be carried out quickly and easily in a lab to determine if a sample contains proteins Biuret ‘reagent’ contains an alkali and copper (II) sulfate whi...
Inorganic Ions An ion is an atom (or sometimes a group of atoms) that has an electrical charge An ion that has a +ve charge is known as a cation An ion that has a -ve charge is known as an anion &n...
Fibrous Proteins Fibrous proteins are long strands of polypeptide chains that have cross-linkages due to hydrogen bonds These proteins have little or no tertiary structure Due to a large number of ...
Globular Proteins Globular Globular proteins are compact, roughly spherical (circular) in shape and soluble in water Globular proteins form a spherical shape when folding into their tertiary struct...
Levels of Protein Structure There are four levels of structure in proteins, three are related to a single polypeptide chain and the fourth level relates to a protein that has two or more polypeptid...
