Group 7: Physical Properties The group 7 elements are called halogens The halogens have uses in water purification and as bleaching agents (chlorine), as flame-retardants and fire extinguish...
Group 2: Trends Chemical trends All elements in Group 2 (also called alkali earth metals) have two electrons in their outermost principal quantum shell All Group 2 metals can form ionic compounds i...
The Periodic Table: Structure & Classification The periodic table is a list of all known elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number, from 1 to 118. In addition to this, the elements...
Oxidation & Reduction There are three definitions of oxidation and reduction used in different branches of chemistry Oxidation and reduction can be used to describe any of the following proces...
Reversible Reactions & Dynamic Equilibrium Reversible reaction Some reactions go to completion where the reactants are used up to form the products and the reaction stops when all of the reacta...
Collision Theory Collision theory The collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to take place the particles need to collide with each other in the correct orientation and with enough ene...
Bond Energy During a reaction, enthalpy changes take place because bonds are being broken and formed Energy (in the form of heat) is needed to overcome attractive forces between atoms Bond breaking...
Electron Pairs The valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) predicts the shape and bond angles of molecules Electrons are negatively charged and will repel other electrons when close to...
State Changes Changes of state are physical changes that are reversible These changes do not change the chemical properties or chemical makeup of the substances involved Vaporization includes evapo...
