Reaction Mechanisms: Terminology Homolytic & Heterolytic fission Homolytic fission is breaking a covalent bond in such a way that each atom takes an electron from the bond to form two ra...
Test-Tube Reactions Often, chemists will need to identify the functional groups present in an organic compound Some simple questions which can be considered are: Is the compound acidi...
Classification of Alcohols Primary alcohols are alcohols in which the carbon atom bonded to the -OH group is attached to one other carbon atom (or alkyl group) Secondary alcohols are alcohol...
Shapes & Bond Angles in Organic Molecules Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four cov...
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes The halogenoalkanes have different rates of substitution reactions Since substitution reactions involve breaking the carbon-halogen bond the bond energies can b...
Fractional Distillation Crude oil is currently the world's main source of organic chemicals As a mixture, it isn’t a very useful substance, but the different hydrocarbons that make up the mixture, ...
Organic Definitions & Terminology Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enabl...
Group 7: Physical Properties The group 7 elements are called halogens The halogens have uses in water purification and as bleaching agents (chlorine), as flame-retardants and fire extinguish...
Group 2: Trends Chemical trends All elements in Group 2 (also called alkali earth metals) have two electrons in their outermost principal quantum shell All Group 2 metals can form ionic compounds i...
