Prokaryotic Cells Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria are a type of prokaryote Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells (between 100 - 1000...
The Organisation of Cells As seen on the last page, in complex multicellular organisms eukaryotic cells become specialised for specific functions. For example: Epithelial cells in the small ...
Adaptations of Eukaryotic Cells In complex multicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells become specialised for specific functions These specialised eukaryotic cells have specific adaptations to...
The Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Cell surface membrane The structure of the cell surface membrane – although the structure looks static the phospholipids and proteins forming the bilayer ar...
Inorganic Ions An ion is an atom (or sometimes a group of atoms) that has an electrical charge An ion that has a +ve charge is known as a cation An ion that has a -ve charge is known as an a...
Water in Cells Water is of great biological importance. It is the medium in which all metabolic reactions take place in cells. Between 70% to 95% of the mass of a cell is water As 71% of the...
Hydrolysis of ATP Energy released during the reactions of respiration is transferred to the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP is a small and soluble molecule that provides a short-te...
Evaluating the Watson-Crick Model Watson and Crick were two scientists who worked together to confirm the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953 Watson and Crick also came up with a model by ...
Maths Skill: Frequency of Bases All DNA nucleotides contain the same phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar. The nitrogenous base attached to the sugar can vary between nucleotides There are ...
