Transmission Across a Cholinergic Synapse There are over 40 different known neurotransmitters One of the key neurotransmitters used throughout the nervous system is acetylcholine (ACh) Synap...
Cholinergic Synapses Where two neurones meet, they do not actually come into physical contact with each other – a very small gap, known as the synaptic cleft, separates them The ends of the ...
Calculating the Maximum Frequency of Impulse Conduction After an action potential passes through a section of an axon it undergoes a period of recovery and is unresponsive This is known as t...
Factors that Affect the Speed of Conduction The speed of conduction of an impulse refers to how quickly the impulse is transmitted along a neurone It is determined by multiple factors: The p...
The Refractory Period Very shortly (about 1 ms) after an action potential has been generated in a section of the axon membrane, all the sodium ion voltage-gated channel proteins in this sect...
Action Potentials Neurones transmit electrical impulses, which travel extremely quickly along the neurone cell surface membrane from one end of the neurone to the other Unlike a normal elect...
Resting Potentials Neurones transmit electrical impulses, which travel extremely quickly along the neurone cell surface membrane from one end of the neurone to the other In a resting axon (o...
Calculating Cardiac Output Cardiac output (CO) is the term used to describe the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart (the left and right ventricle) per unit of time An average adult h...
The Autonomic Nervous System There are several circumstances that can cause an individual's heart rate to increase, such as during exercise The brain is involved in this response of the hear...
