Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids, Proteins & Glycoproteins The cell membranes of all organisms generally have a similar structure Cell membranes contain several different types of molecu...
The Fluid Mosaic Model of Membranes Membranes are vital structures found in all cells The cell surface membrane creates an enclosed space separating the internal cell environment from the external ...
Enzyme Activity: Immobilised v Free Enzymes can be added to solutions and are thereby considered ‘free’ or they can be immobilised Immobilised enzymes are enzymes that have been bound to an inert, ...
Enzyme Inhibitors An enzyme's activity can be reduced or stopped, temporarily, by a reversible inhibitor There are two types of reversible inhibitors: Competitive inhibitors have a similar shape to...
Vmax & the Michaelis-Menten Constant Substrate concentration affects the rate of catalysis in an enzyme-substrate reaction When the substrate concentration is fixed (and enzyme concentration is...
Rate: Inhibitor Concentration There are two types of inhibitors: Competitive inhibitors have a similar shape to that of the substrate molecules and therefore compete with the substrate for the acti...
Rate: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The higher the enzyme concentration in a reaction mixture, the greater the number of active sites available and the grea...
Rate: pH All enzymes have an optimum pH or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are denatured at extremes of pH Hydrogen and ionic bonds hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie. the enzym...
Rate: Temperature Enzymes have a specific optimum temperature – the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the maximum rate Lower temperatures either prevent reactions from proceeding or ...
