2023年CAIE经济学考试启用新考纲与新题型，整体难度升级
相信大家都知道，不管对哪一项考试来说，考纲都是至关重要的。因为考题多数都出自其中，想要在考试拿到好成绩，备考前翻阅考纲熟悉各大知识点是必不可少的。 近期，各大考试局在官网纷纷更新了最新考纲，其中变化...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.1 Chloroplasts
Chloroplast Structures & their Functions Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs Each chloroplast is surrounded by a double-membrane envelope Each of the enve...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.11 Aerobic Respiration: Effect of Temperature & Substrate Concentration
Effect of Temperature & Substrate Concentration A redox indicator is a substance that changes colour when it is reduced or oxidised DCPIP and methylene blue are redox indicators They are used t...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.10 Anaerobic Adaptation of Rice
Anaerobic Adaptations of Rice Flooding is a major problem when growing crops As water rises and it covers the different parts of a plant it can create problems: Plant roots don’t get the oxygen the...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.9 Energy Yield: Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration In cells there is a much greater energy yield from respiration in aerobic conditions than in anaerobic conditions In anaerobic respiration glucose is only partia...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.8 Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration Sometimes cells experience conditions with little or no oxygen There are several consequences when there is not enough oxygen available for respiration: There is no final acce...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.7 Aerobic Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the last stage of aerobic respiration It takes place at the inner membrane of the mitochondria Several steps occur: Hydrogen atoms are donated...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.6 Aerobic Respiration: Role of NAD & FAD
Aerobic Respiration: Role of NAD and FAD Coenzymes NAD and FAD play a critical role in aerobic respiration When hydrogen atoms become available at different points during respiration NAD and FAD ac...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.2.5 Aerobic Respiration: The Krebs Cycle
Aerobic Respiration: Outline of the Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle (sometimes called the citric acid cycle) consists of a series of enzyme-controlled reactions Acetyl CoA (2C) enters the circular path...
