The Two Stages of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage, which takes place in the thylakoids, and the light-independent stage, which takes place in the strom...
相信大家都知道，不管对哪一项考试来说，考纲都是至关重要的。因为考题多数都出自其中，想要在考试拿到好成绩，备考前翻阅考纲熟悉各大知识点是必不可少的。 近期，各大考试局在官网纷纷更新了最新考纲，其中变化...
Chloroplast Structures & their Functions Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs Each chloroplast is surrounded by a double-membrane envelope Each of the enve...
Effect of Temperature & Substrate Concentration A redox indicator is a substance that changes colour when it is reduced or oxidised DCPIP and methylene blue are redox indicators They are used t...
Anaerobic Adaptations of Rice Flooding is a major problem when growing crops As water rises and it covers the different parts of a plant it can create problems: Plant roots don’t get the oxygen the...
Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration In cells there is a much greater energy yield from respiration in aerobic conditions than in anaerobic conditions In anaerobic respiration glucose is only partia...
Anaerobic Respiration Sometimes cells experience conditions with little or no oxygen There are several consequences when there is not enough oxygen available for respiration: There is no final acce...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the last stage of aerobic respiration It takes place at the inner membrane of the mitochondria Several steps occur: Hydrogen atoms are donated...
Aerobic Respiration: Role of NAD and FAD Coenzymes NAD and FAD play a critical role in aerobic respiration When hydrogen atoms become available at different points during respiration NAD and FAD ac...
