Hybridised Atoms: Shapes & Bond Angles in Molecules Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four ...
Straight, Branched & Cyclic Molecules Straight, branched and cyclic organic molecules are also called aliphatic compounds as long as they do not contain a benzene ring Straight-chain Straight-c...
Terminology Used in Reaction Mechanisms In organic reaction mechanisms, curly arrows represent the movement of electron pairs The arrow beings at a bond or a lone pair of electrons and points to th...
Definitions & Terminology in Organic Chemistry Homologous series A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same c...
Molecular & Empirical Formulae of Organic Compounds The molecular formula shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule Eg. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 The empirical...
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Compounds Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system an...
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules The table below shows a summary of common functional groups found in compounds R...
Homologous Series Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enables it to form long c...
Oxides of Nitrogen Natural occurrence of nitrogen oxides Due to its lack of reactivity, only under extreme conditions will nitrogen react with oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen oxides An example of t...
