Calculating pH, Ka, pKA & Kw pH The pH indicates the acidity or basicity of an acid or alkali The pH scale goes from 0 to 14 Acids have pH between 0-7 Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7 Ba...
Conjugate Acids & Bases A Brønsted acid is a species that can donate a proton For example, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a Brønsted acid as it can lose a proton to form a hydrogen (H+) and chlorid...
Calculating Free Energy Change Using Standard Electrode Potentials The standard free energy change can be calculated using the standard cell potential of an electrochemical cell ΔGꝋ = - n x Ecellꝋ ...
The Nernst Equation Under non-standard conditions, the cell potential of the half-cells is shown by the symbol Ecell The effect of changes in temperature and ion concentration on the Ecell can be d...
Effect of Concentration on Electrode Potential Changes in temperature and concentration of aqueous ions will affect the standard electrode potential (Eꝋ) of a half-cell Under these non-standard con...
Electrochemical Series The Eꝋ values of a species indicate how easily they can get oxidised or reduced In other words, they indicate the relative reactivity of elements, compounds and ions as oxidi...
Calculating Standard Cell Potential Once the standard electrode potentials (Eꝋ) of the half-cells are determined, the standard cell potential (Ecellꝋ) can be calculated by subtracting the less posi...
Calculations in Electrolysis Faraday’s constant can be used to calculate: The mass of a substance deposited at an electrode The volume of gas liberated at an electrode Calculating the mass of a sub...
Measuring the Standard Electrode Potential There are three different types of half-cells that can be connected to a standard hydrogen electrode A metal / metal ion half-cell A non-metal / non-metal...
