CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.4.1 Alcohols
Reaction of Alcohols With Acyl Chlorides Acyl chlorides are reactive organic compounds with a -COCl functional group The carbonyl carbon is electron-deficient and has a partial positive charge It i...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.2 Reactivity of Halogenoarenes
Difference in Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes & Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes are very unreactive compared to halogenoalkanes The difference in reactivity between the two compounds is because of ...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.1 Production of Halogenoarenes
Production of Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes are arenes which are bonded to halogen atoms They can be prepared from substitution reactions of arenes with chlorine or bromine in the presence of an an...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.2.4 Directing Effects of Substituents on Arenes
Arenes: Directing Effects of Substituents Arenes readily undergo electrophilic substitution of one of their hydrogen atoms with another species Substituents that are already present on the arenes c...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.2.3 Location of Halogenation on Arenes
Arenes: Location of Halogenation Arenes will undergo substitution reactions with halogens to form aryl halides This reaction is also called a halogenation reaction Depending on the reaction conditi...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.2.2 Electrophilic Substitution of Arenes
Arenes: Electrophilic Substitution The electrophilic substitution reaction in arenes consists of three steps: Generation of an electrophile Electrophilic attack Regenerating aromaticity Mechanism o...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.2.1 Reactions of Arenes
Reactions of Arenes Arenes are very stable compounds due to the delocalisation of π electrons in the ring This is because the negative charge is spread out over the molecule instead of being confin...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.1.7 Chirality & Drug Production
Chirality & Drug Production Most of the drugs that are used to treat diseases contain one or more chiral centres These drugs can therefore exist as enantiomers which differ from each other in t...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.1.6 Optical Isomers
Properties of Enantiomers Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same structural formula but have the atoms arranged differently in space There are two types of stereoisomerism Geometrical (cis/...
