Basicity of Aqueous Solutions of Amines The nitrogen atom in ammonia and amine molecules can accept a proton (H+ ion) They can therefore act as bases in aqueous solutions by donating its lone pair ...
Production of Amides Amides are organic compounds with an -CONR2 functional group They can be prepared from the condensation reaction between an acyl chloride and ammonia or amine In a condensation...
Production of Primary & Secondary Amines Primary amines are organic compounds that have an -NH2 functional group attached to an alkyl or aryl group Secondary amines have two alkyl or aryl group...
Hydrolysis of Acyl Chlorides, Alkyl Chlorides & Halogenoarenes Hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound using water The ease of hydrolysis for different organic compounds may differ For exampl...
Mechanism of Addition - Elimination in Acyl Chloride Reactions Acyl chlorides undergo addition-elimination reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification reactions to form esters, and condensation re...
Production of Acyl Chlorides Due to the increased reactivity of acyl chlorides compared to carboxylic acids, they are often used as starting compounds in organic reactions Acyl chlorides are compou...
Production of Esters by Reacting Alcohols With Acyl Chlorides Esters are organic compounds with an -COR functional group They have characteristic smells and are used in perfumes, cosmetics and as s...
Relative Acidities of Chlorine-Substituted Carboxylic Acids Electron-withdrawing groups bonded to the carbon attached to the -COOH group make the carboxylic acids stronger acids This is because the...
Relative Acidities of Carboxylic Acids, Phenols & Alcohols Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can act as acids and lose a proton (H+ ion) in an aqueous solution t...
