Fundamental Particles: Quarks Quarks are fundamental particles that make up other subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons Protons and neutrons are in a category of particles called hadrons...
Neutrino Emission An electron neutrino is a type of subatomic particle with no charge and negligible mass which is also emitted from the nucleus The anti-neutrino is the antiparticle of a neutrino ...
Alpha, Beta & Gamma Particles Some elements have nuclei that are unstable This tends to be when the number of nucleons does not balance In order to become more stable, they emit particles and/o...
Nucleon & Proton Number The atomic symbol of an element is used to describe the constituents of the nuclei An example of this notation for Lithium is: Atomic symbol for Lithium When given an at...
Rutherford Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of α-particle scattering The experimental setup ...
The Potentiometer A potentiometer is similar to a variable resistor connected as a potential divider to give a continuously variable output voltage It can be used as a means of comparing potential ...
Potential Divider Circuit When two resistors are connected in series, through Kirchhoff’s Second Law, the potential difference across the power source is divided between them Potential dividers are...
Deriving the Equation for Resistors in Parallel In a parallel circuit, the reciprocal of the combined resistance of two or more resistors is the sum of the reciprocal of the individual resistances ...
Deriving the Equation for Resistors in Series In a series circuit, the combined resistance of two or more resistors is the sum of the individual resistances In a series circuit: The current is the ...
