Defining Latent Heat Capacity Energy is required to change the state of substance Examples of changes of state are: Melting = solid to liquid Evaporation/vaporisation/boiling = liquid to gas Sublim...
Defining Specific Heat Capacity The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as: The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C This quantity ...
Scale of Thermodynamic Temperature As an everyday scale of temperature, Celsius (oC) is the most familiar This scale is based on the properties of water - the freezing point of water was taken as t...
Measurement of Temperature A thermometer is any device that is used to measure temperature Each type of thermometer uses a physical property of a material that varies with temperature - examples of...
Defining Thermal Equilibrium Thermal energy is always transferred from a hotter region to lower region Thermal equilibrium is defined as: When two substances in physical contact with each other no ...
Thermal Energy Transfer The conservation of energy states that energy is never created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another When a thermometer is placed in a beaker of boiling wa...
Gravitational Potential Energy Between Two Point Masses The gravitational potential energy (G.P.E) at point in a gravitational field is defined as: The work done in bringing a mass from infinity to...
Gravitational Potential The gravitational potential energy (G.P.E) is the energy an object has when lifted off the ground given by the familiar equation: G.P.E = mgΔh The G.P.E on the surface of th...
The Value of g on Earth Gravitational field strength g is approximately constant for small changes in height near the Earth’s surface (9.81 m s-2) This is because from the inverse square law relati...
