Dynamic Equilibrium Reversible reaction Some reactions go to completion where the reactants are used up to form the products The reaction stops when all of the reactants are used up In rever...
Catalysts in Industry Catalysts can be divided into two types: Homogeneous catalysts Heterogeneous catalysts Homogeneous means that the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants ...
Temperature Effects Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve A Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve is a graph that shows the distribution of energies at a certain temperature In a sample of a g...
Calculating Rates of Reaction To measure the rate of a reaction, we need to be able to measure either how quickly the reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed The method ...
Collision Theory & Rates Collision Theory When reactants come together the kinetic energy they possess means their particles will collide and some of these collisions will result in chem...
Bond Enthalpy Definitions When bonds are broken or made enthalpy changes take place A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms Breaking the bond requires the input of energy ...
Constructing Hess Cycles In 1840, the Russian chemist Germain Hess formulated a law which went on to be known as Hess’s Law This went on to form the basis of one of the laws of thermodynamics. The ...
Calculating Energy Transferred, Q Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry is the measurement enthalpy changes in chemical reactions A simple calorimeter can be made from a polystyrene drinkin...
Enthalpy Level Diagrams The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the enthalpy (or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and th...
