Nucleophilic Substitution: Reactions A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons ‘Nucleophile’ means ‘nucleus / positive charge loving’ as nucleophiles are ...
Classifying Halogenoalkanes Naming halogenoalkanes We use the prefixes Fluoro for fluorine Chloro for chlroine Bromo for bromine Iodo for iodine The name of the halogenoalkane is based on th...
Disposal of Polymers Polymers provide a readily available, cheap alternative to many metal, glass, paper and cardboard materials in everyday use The low reactivity of many polymers makes the...
Addition Polymerisation Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastics industry Addition poly...
近几年，随着英本申请越来越“卷”，很多学生除了铆足劲提升学术成绩，还把目光转向了学术背景的提升。于是，EPQ项目就成为了家长和学生眼中的“最优选项”。epq课程对申请真的有用吗？一起来看看吧。 以往，一部分同...
Saturation Test Halogens can be used to test if a molecule is unsaturated (i.e. contains a double bond) Br2(aq) is an orange or yellow solution, called bromine water and this is the halogen ...
Electrophilic Addition Mechanism Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides Hydrogen halides such as hydrogen bromide (HBr) are polar as the hydrogen and halogen atoms have different electro...
Electrophilic Addition The double bond in alkenes is an area of high electron density (there are four electrons found in this double bond) This makes the double bond susceptible to attack by...
Bonding in Alkenes Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four covalent bonds with other atom...
