Core Practical 1: Measuring the Molar Volume of a Gas Measuring gas volumes The volume of gas produced in a reaction can be measured by collecting the gas with a gas syringe or by the displa...
Interpreting an IR Spectrum Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a technique used to identify compounds based on changes in vibrations of atoms when they absorb IR of certain frequencies A spectrop...
Mass Spectrometry Mass spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to identify unknown compounds The molecules in the small sample are bombarded with high energy electrons which can cause t...
Organic Liquid Preparation & Purification Simple Distillation This is used to separate a liquid and soluble solid from a solution (e.g. water from a solution of salt water) or a pure liq...
Reactions of Alcohols Combustion of alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water alcohol + oxygen → carbon dio...
Classifying Alcohols Alcohols are a family of molecules that contain the hydroxyl functional group, -OH Their general formula is CnH2n+1OH The nomenclature of alcohols follows the pattern a...
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes Nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur in two different ways (known as SN2 and SN1 reactions) depending on the structure of the halogenoalkane involved T...
Relative Rates of Hydrolysis Measuring the rate of hydrolysis Acidified aqueous silver nitrate can be used to measure the rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes The following method is used: ...
Nucleophilic Substitution: Mechanisms A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one in which a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom which carries a partial positive charge An atom that has a part...
