Conventional Cell Representation Conventional Representation of Cells As it is cumbersome and time-consuming to draw out every electrochemical cell in full, a system of notation is used whic...
Measuring Standard Electrode Potential There are three different types of half-cells that can be connected to a standard hydrogen electrode to measure standard electrode potential A metal / ...
Standard Electrode Potentials Standard electrode potential The position of equilibrium and therefore the electrode potential depends on factors such as: Temperature Pressure of gases Concent...
Reduction & Oxidation To recap, there are three definitions of oxidation and reduction used in different branches of chemistry Oxidation and reduction can be used to describe any of the...
Arrhenius & Activation Energy The rate equation shows how each of the reactants in a reaction effects the rate of the reaction and it includes the rate constant, k However, k only remain...
Deducing Reaction Mechanisms Chemical kinetics can only suggest a reaction mechanism, they cannot prove it However, they can be used to disprove a proposed mechanism Elementary steps ...
Deducing Rate-Determining Steps Rate-determining step & intermediates A chemical reaction can only go as fast as the slowest part of the reaction So, the rate-determining step is the slo...
Reaction Order Graphs Reaction Order Using Concentration-Time Graphs In a zero-order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is inversely proportional to time This means that the reactan...
夏季大考出分已经有一段时间了，而三大国际考局也随后放出了今年的成绩统计数据，A-Level夏考成绩如何？让我们来看看2022年夏考三大考试局A*几率较高的科目有哪些？ 三大考试局A*率 ▶︎ CAIE考试局 A-Level...
