Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Est...
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids In aqueous solution they are only slightly ionised, to give low concentrations of hydronium ions and alkanoate ions (often called carboxylate ions) This partial...
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can be prepared by a series of different reactions Oxidation of primary alcohols & aldeh...
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acid is the name given to the family of compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, -COOH The general formula of...
Reactions of Carbonyls Carbonyl compounds can undergo a number of reactions, some of which allow you to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone Oxidation - with acidified potassium dich...
Aldehydes & Ketones Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl functional group, C=O This is why aldehydes and ketones are also known as carbonyls The difference between aldehydes and ke...
Optical isomers A carbon atom that has four different atoms or groups of atoms attached to it is called a chiral carbon or chiral centre Chira comes from a Greek word meaning hand, so we talk about...
Ligand Exchange Ligand exchange (or ligand substitution) is when one ligand in a complex is replaced by another Ligand exchange forms a new complex that is more stable than the original one ...
Reactions with Hydroxide & Ammonia When transition metal ions in aqueous solution react with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia they form precipitates However some of these pre...
