Amines, Amides & Amino Acids Amines can be thought of as derivates of ammonia, in which one or more of the hydrogens is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group The number of substituted hydro...
Bromination of Phenol Reactions of the aromatic ring in phenols Phenols react more readily with electrophiles compared to benzene This is because one of the lone pairs of electrons on the ox...
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene The main reactions which benzene will undergo include the replacement of one of the 6 hydrogen atoms from the benzene ring This is different t...
Reactions of Benzene Reaction with oxygen Hydrocarbons will burn in air or oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water providing sufficient oxygen is available Benzene reacts will also follow...
Models of Benzene Structure of Benzene The structure of benzene was determined many years ago, by a chemist called Kekule The structure consists of 6 carbon atoms in a hexagonal ring, with a...
Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Est...
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids In aqueous solution they are only slightly ionised, to give low concentrations of hydronium ions and alkanoate ions (often called carboxylate ions) This partial...
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can be prepared by a series of different reactions Oxidation of primary alcohols & aldeh...
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acid is the name given to the family of compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, -COOH The general formula of...
