Energy of a Photon Photons are fundamental particles which make up all forms of electromagnetic radiation A photon is a massless “packet” or a “quantum” of electromagnetic energy What this means is...
Wave-Particle Duality Light can behave as a particle (i.e. photons) and a wave This phenomenon is called the wave-particle nature of light or wave-particle duality Light interacts with matter, such...
Pulse-Echo Technique Foetal Scanning In medicine, ultrasound can be used to construct images of a foetus in the womb An ultrasound detector is made up of a transducer that produces and detects a be...
Transmission & Reflection of Waves When waves are incident on the interface between two different media, they are either transmitted or reflected 'Incident on' simply means 'to meet' The interf...
The de Broglie Equation Using ideas based upon the quantum theory and Einstein’s theory of relativity, de Broglie theorised that not only do EM waves sometimes behave as particles, but that very sm...
The Wave Nature of Electrons Electron diffraction was the first clear evidence that matter can behave like light and has wave properties This is demonstrated using the electron diffraction tube The...
Core Practical 8: Investigating Diffraction Gratings Aim of the Experiment To find the wavelength of light using a diffraction grating Variables Independent variable = Distance between maxima, h De...
The Diffraction Grating Equation A diffraction grating is a plate on which there is a very large number of parallel, identical, close-spaced slits When monochromatic light is incident on a grating,...
Diffraction Diffraction is the spreading out of waves when they pass an obstruction Diffraction through a gap This obstruction is typically a narrow gap (a slit, or aperture) Diffraction is usually...
