Alpha Particle Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of alpha particle scattering This structure ...
Nucleon & Proton Number Atomic symbols are written in a specific notation as shown below: Atomic symbols show the proton number and nucleon number The top number A represents the nucleon...
Root-Mean-Square Current & Potential Difference The root-mean-square (rms) current Irms is defined by the equation: Where: I0 = peak current (A) The rms voltage Vrms is defined by the eq...
Alternating Currents & Potential Differences An alternating current (a.c) is defined as: A current which periodically varies between a positive and negative value This means the direction of an...
Faraday's Law Faraday's Law connects the rate of change of flux linkage with induced e.m.f It is defined in words as: The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of chan...
Lenz's Law Lenz’s Law is used to predict the direction of an induced e.m.f in a coil or wire Lenz's Law is summarised below: The induced e.m.f is set up in a direction to produce effects that oppos...
Induced E.M.F between Linked Coils An e.m.f can be induced in a coil when there is a change of current in another coil linked with this coil This is what happens in a transformer Transformers A tra...
Induced E.M.F in a Moving Coil Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon which occurs when an e.m.f is induced when a conductor moves through a magnetic field If there is a change in magnetic flux ...
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor A current-carrying conductor produces its own magnetic field An external magnetic field will therefore exert a magnetic force on it A current-c...
