Particle Interaction Equations All particle interactions must obey a set of conservation laws. These are conservation of: Charge, Q Baryon number, B Lepton Number, L Energy (or mass-energy) Momentu...
Applying Conservation Laws When particles interact, they must obey a set of laws associated to the type of particles invovled These laws are governed by numbers called quantum numbers Quantum numbe...
Properties of Antimatter The universe is made up of matter particles (protons, neutrons, electrons etc.) All matter particles have antimatter counterparts Antimatter particles are identical to thei...
Baryons & Mesons All particles of matter are made up of either quarks and/or leptons The standard model of particle physics categorises quarks and leptons by charge and mass Quarks and leptons ...
Relativistic Situations Accelerated particles often reach speeds that are very close to the speed of light At such high velocities and energies, relativistic effects begin to become important These...
Unit Conversions for Energy & Mass Units of Energy The electronvolt is a unit of energy It is equivalent to the amount of energy transferred to an electron accelerated across a potential differ...
Annihilation of Matter & Antimatter Annihilation When a particle meets its antiparticle partner, the two will annihilate Annihilation is: When a particle meets its equivalent anti–particle they...
High Energy Particle Collisions The Diameter of a Nucleon High energy electron beams can be used to analyse nucleons, e.g. Protons Neutrons When electrons are accelerated to very high energies, the...
Interpreting Particle Tracks Particle detectors that count particles, like Geiger-Muller tubes, are useful but they cannot distinguish different types of particle Modern detectors can show the path...
