AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.8 Antibodies
Antibodies: Structure Structure Antibodies are globular glycoproteins called immunoglobulins Antibodies have a quaternary structure (which is represented as Y-shaped), with two ‘heavy’ (long...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.7 The B lymphocyte Response
The B lymphocyte Response B-lymphocytes and the humoral immune response B-lymphocytes (B cells) remain in the bone marrow until they are mature and then spread through the body, concentratin...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.6 The Role of Helper T cells
The Role of Helper T cells Activated T-lymphocytes (those that have receptors specific to an antigen) divide by mitosis to increase in number (similar to the clonal selection and clonal expa...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.5 The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells
The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells T-lymphocytes produce an immune response when they are exposed to a specific antigen T cells will only bind to an antigen if it is present on the surface...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.4 The T Lymphocyte Response
The T Lymphocyte Response Lymphocytes are another type of white blood cell They play an important part in the specific immune response They are smaller than phagocytes They have a large nucl...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.3 Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis Phagocytes are white blood cells that are produced continuously in the bone marrow They are stored in the bone marrow before being distributed around the body in the blood They ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.2 Antigens
Antigens Every cell in the human body has markers that identify it Microorganisms (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic), such as bacteria and viruses, also have their own unique markers These...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.4.13 Factors Affecting Membrane Fluidity
Required Practical: Factors Affecting Membrane Permeability The permeability of cell membranes is affected by different factors or conditions, such as: Temperature Solvent concentration &nbs...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.4.12 Specialised Cells
Explaining Adaptations in Specialised Cells Specialised cells for diffusion Root hair cells and epithelial cells of the small intestine are examples of cells that are adapted for the rapid t...
