AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.6.4 AIDS
AIDS Symptoms of AIDS Immediately after infection with HIV people often suffer mild flu-like symptoms These symptoms pass and for a period of time infected people might not know they are inf...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.6.3 HIV
HIV Transmission of HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a retrovirus The HIV virus is not transmitted by a vector (unlike in malaria) The virus is unable to survive outside of the human body...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.6.2 Active & Passive Immunity
Types of Immunity Active immunity Active immunity is acquired when an antigen enters the body triggering a specific immune response (antibodies are produced) Active immunity is naturally acq...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.10 Plasma & Memory Cells
Plasma & Memory Cells During an immune response, B-lymphocytes form two types of cell: plasma cells and memory cells Memory cells form the basis of immunological memory – the cells can l...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.9 Antigen-Antibody Complex
Antigen-Antibody Complex An antigen and its complementary antibody have complementary molecular shapes This means that their molecular structures fit into each other When an antibody ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.8 Antibodies
Antibodies: Structure Structure Antibodies are globular glycoproteins called immunoglobulins Antibodies have a quaternary structure (which is represented as Y-shaped), with two ‘heavy’ (long...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.7 The B lymphocyte Response
The B lymphocyte Response B-lymphocytes and the humoral immune response B-lymphocytes (B cells) remain in the bone marrow until they are mature and then spread through the body, concentratin...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.6 The Role of Helper T cells
The Role of Helper T cells Activated T-lymphocytes (those that have receptors specific to an antigen) divide by mitosis to increase in number (similar to the clonal selection and clonal expa...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记2.5.5 The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells
The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells T-lymphocytes produce an immune response when they are exposed to a specific antigen T cells will only bind to an antigen if it is present on the surface...
