Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 3.11.1 Differentiation - Basics What is differentiation? Differentiation is part of the branch of mathematics called Calculus It is concerned with the rate at which cha...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 3.10.1 Solving Equations using Graphs How do we use graphs to solve equations? Solutions are always read off the x-axis Solutions of f(x) = 0 are where the graph of y =...
The Cardiac Cycle The contraction of the heart is called systole, while the relaxation of the heart is called diastole Atrial systole is the period when the atria are contracting and ventric...
The Walls of the Heart The muscular walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles When the atria contract, the thin muscular walls do not generate much pressure, but enough to ...
Mammalian Heart Structure Heart structure The human heart has a mass of around 300g and is roughly the size of a closed fist The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity...
Animal Adaptations For Their Environment Different types of haemoglobin Haemoglobin is a quaternary protein made up of four globin polypeptides and four haem groups The structure of haem is ...
Maths Skill: Using the Cardiac Output Equation Cardiac output (CO) is the term used to describe the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart (the left and right ventricle) per unit of tim...
The Bohr Shift Changes in the oxygen dissociation curve as a result of carbon dioxide levels are known as the Bohr effect, or Bohr shift When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bl...
The Oxygen Dissociation Curve The oxygen dissociation curve shows the rate at which oxygen associates, and also dissociates, with haemoglobin at different partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) P...
