AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.6.4 Calorimetry
Calorimetry Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry is the measurement enthalpy changes in chemical reactions A simple calorimeter can be made from a polystyrene drinking cup, a vacuum flask ...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.6.3 Enthalpy Changes
Enthalpy Changes The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the enthalpy (or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and therefore...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.6.2 Energy Level Diagrams
Energy Level Diagrams An energy level diagram is a diagram that shows the energies of the reactants, the transition state(s) and the products of the reaction as the reaction proceeds ( calle...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.5.4 Effects of Forces Between Molecules
Influence of Intermolecular Forces Properties of water Hydrogen bonding in water, causes it to have anomalous properties such as high melting and boiling points, high surface tension and a h...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.5.3 Types of Forces Between Molecules
Intramolecular Forces vs. Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular forces Intramolecular forces are forces within a molecule and are usually covalent bonds Covalent bonds are formed when the out...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.5.2 Bond Polarity
Electronegativity Electronegativity is the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond towards itself The electron distribution in a covalent bond between elements w...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.4.10 Effects of Structure & Bonding
Effects of Bonding & Structure on Physical Properties Different types of structure and bonding have different effects on the physical properties of substances such as their melting and b...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.4.9 Properties of Metallic Substances
Metallic Lattice Structures Metals form giant metallic lattices in which the metal ions are surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons The metal ions are often packed in hexagonal layers...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.4.8 Properties of Covalent Substances
Covalent Lattice Structures Covalent lattices Covalent bonds are bonds between nonmetals in which electrons are shared between the atoms Covalent compounds can be arranged in simple molecula...
