Solubility of Hydroxides & Sulfates Group 2 hydroxides Going down the group, the solutions formed from the reaction of group 2 oxides with water become more alkaline When the oxides are ...
Trend: Melting Point Melting points of the elements across period 3 A pattern is a little harder to see from the data, but you can see that it rises and falls: Melting points of the period 3...
Trend: First Ionisation Energy The first ionisation energy (IE1) is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms of an element in the gaseous state to form one ...
Trend: Atomic Radius Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number and placed in vertical columns (groups) and horizontal rows (periods) The elements acros...
Balancing Redox Reactions Balancing equations using redox principles is a useful skill and is best illustrated by following an example It is important to follow a methodical step-by-step app...
Oxidation States Oxidation State Rules A few simple rules help guide you through the process of determining the oxidation state of any element Remember, you are determining the oxidation sta...
Changes Affecting the Equilibrium Constant Changes in concentration If all other conditions stay the same, the equilibrium constant Kc is not affected by any changes in concentration of the ...
Kc Calculations Calculations involving Kc In the equilibrium expression each figure within a square bracket represents the concentration in mol dm-3 The units of Kc therefore depend on the f...
The Equilibrium Constant, Kc Equilibrium expression & constant The equilibrium expression links the equilibrium constant, Kc, to the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibri...
