Cracking Alkanes are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the addition reaction of hydrogen to an alkene or by cracking of longer alkane chains Crude oil Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbo...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical Isomerism Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types o...
Molecules: Straight, Branched & Cyclic Straight, branched and cyclic organic molecules are also called aliphatic compounds as long as they do not contain a benzene ring Straight-chain St...
Nomenclature Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system and the stem of ea...
Types of Formulae The general formula is a formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers Eg. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2 A homologous serie...
Reactions of Halide Ions A disproportionation reaction is a reaction in which the same species is both oxidised and reduced The reaction of chlorine with dilute alkali is an example of a dis...
Testing for Halides Silver ions & ammonia Halide ions can be identified in an unknown solution by dissolving the solution in nitric acid and then adding silver nitrate solution dropwise ...
Halogens: Oxidising Agents Halogens react with metals by accepting an electron from the metal atom to become an ion with 1- charge Eg. Ca (s) + Cl2 (g) → CaCl2 (s) consisting of Ca2+ and ...
Uses of Group 2 Three different calcium compounds are used commonly in agriculture, construction and iron extraction: Limestone - this is impure calcium carbonate Quicklime - this is calcium...
