Changes in Temperature & Pressure We can apply Le Chatelier's Principle to gaseous equilibria in the same way it is applied to aqueous systems Here's a reminder of how the principle work...
Partial Pressure The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure it exerts in a mixture of gases if it occupied the container on its own Partial pressure is given the symbol p, so for a gas X,...
Rate Determining Step Rate-determining step & intermediates A chemical reaction can only go as fast as the slowest part of the reaction So, the rate-determining step is the slowest step ...
Rate-Concentration Graphs Order of reaction from initial rate The progress of the reaction can be followed by measuring the initial rates of the reaction using various initial concentrations...
Concentration-Time Graphs Order of reaction from concentration-time graphs In a zero-order the concentration of the reactant is inversely proportional to time This means that the concentrati...
Finding Activation Energy Finding the Activation Energy Very often, the Arrhenius Equation is used to calculate the activation energy of a reaction Either a question will give sufficient inf...
The Arrhenius Equation The rate equation shows how each of the reactants in a reaction effects the rate of the reaction and it includes the rate constant, k However, k only remains constant ...
Rate Equation Calculations The rate constant (k) of a reaction can be calculated using the initial rates and the rate equation Calculating the rate constant from the initial rate The reactio...
Deducing Orders Order of reaction For the general reaction A + B → C + D The order of reaction shows how the concentration of a reactant affects the rate of reaction Rate = k [A]m [B]n When ...
