Cell Theory Until microscopes became powerful enough to view individual cells, no-one knew for certain what living organisms were made from A scientist called Robert Hooke is thought to be the firs...
Genetic Screening: Uses Some circumstances, e.g. in a pregnancy where there is a family history of a genetic disorder, may require individuals to determine if they have a particular allele present ...
Chi-squared Test The difference between expected and observed results in experiments can be statistically significant or insignificant (happened by chance) If the difference between results is stat...
Monohybrid Crosses Monohybrid inheritance looks at how the alleles for a single gene are passed on from one generation to the next Known information about the genotypes, phenotypes and the process ...
Pedigree Diagrams Family pedigree diagrams can be used to trace the pattern of inheritance of a specific trait, e.g. a genetic disorder, through generations of a family Pedigree diagrams can provid...
Inheritance: Key Terms Genes & alleles A chromosome is a long DNA molecule which contains genes that code for several different proteins A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a single polype...
Mutations A gene mutation is a change in the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule that may result in an altered polypeptide Mutations occur continuously and spontaneously Errors in the DNA ofte...
DNA Replication Before a (parent) cell divides, it needs to copy the DNA contained within it Doubling the DNA ensures that the two new (daughter) cells produced will both receive full copies of the...
Practical: Investigating the Effect of Enzyme and Substrate Concentrations Enzyme concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The higher the enzyme concentration in a reaction m...
