Inverse-Square Law of Gamma Radiation As an electromagnetic wave, gamma radiation shares many of the same wave properties as light Light sources which are further away appear fainter because...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 复习笔记 1.7.3 Simple Molecular Structures Simple Molecular Structures Simple molecular structures have covalent bonds joining the atoms together, but intermolecular ...
Calculating Normal Probabilities How do I find probabilities using a normal distribution? How do I calculate P(X = x): the probability of a single value for a normal distribution? The probability ...
Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation Alpha Particles Alpha (α) particles are high energy particles made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (the same as a helium nucleus) They are usually emitted fr...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 复习笔记 1.7.2 Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent substances tend to have small molecular structures, such as ...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 复习笔记 1.7.1 Formation of Covalent Bonds Formation of Covalent Bonds Non-metal atoms can share electrons with other non-metal atoms to obtain a full outer shell of ...
Changing Models of the Nucleus John Dalton’s Model (1803) Dalton imagined that all matter was made of tiny solid particles called atoms Dalton’s model proposed: Atoms are the smallest consti...
Rutherford Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of α-particle scattering The experimental...
Inefficiencies in a Transformer Inefficiencies in a transformer appear not from just the core, but also in the wires The coils of wire have resistance This causes heat energy to be lost from...
