Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 复习笔记 1.9.2 Electrolysis Experiments
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 复习笔记 1.9.2 Electrolysis Experiments Electrolysis of Molten Compounds Lead(II) bromide is a binary ionic compound meaning that it is a compound consisting of just ...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.6 Nuclear Radius Equation
Nuclear Radius Values The radius of some nuclei are shown in the table below: In general, nuclear radii are of the order 10–15 m or 1 fm The nuclear radius, R, varies with nucleon number, A ...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.5 Closest Approach Estimate
Closest Approach Estimate The Coulomb equation can be used to give an estimate for the radius of a nucleus When the alpha particle reaches its closest approach (to the nucleus), all of its k...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.4 Nuclear Radius
Estimating Nuclear Radius Closest Approach Method In the Rutherford scattering experiment, alpha particles are fired at a thin gold foil Some of the alpha particles are found to come straigh...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.3 Nuclear Excited States
Nuclear Excited States In the same way that electrons can exist in excited states, nuclei can also exist in excited states After an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, beta particle or...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.2 Decay Equations
Changes in N and Z by Radioactive Decay There are four reasons why a nucleus might become unstable, and these determine which decay mode will occur Too many neutrons Decays through beta-minu...
IB DP Maths: AA HL复习笔记4.6.3 Standardisation of Normal Variables
Standard Normal Distribution What is the standard normal distribution? The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution where the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1Why is the standa...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.3.1 Nuclear Instability
Nuclear Stability Graph The most common elements in the universe all tend to have values of N and Z less than 20 (plus iron which has Z = 26, N = 30) Where: N = number of neutrons Z = number...
AQA A Level Physics复习笔记8.2.4 Applications of Radioactivity
Radioactive Dating The isotope carbon-14 is commonly used in radioactive dating It forms as a result of cosmic rays knocking out neutrons from nuclei, which then collide with nitrogen nuclei...
