The Greenhouse Effect When radiation from the sun hits the earth, it is radiated back from the earth's surface A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs this re-radiated radiation, trapping it in the ...
Evidence for the Causes of Climate Change Scientists have long hypothesised that Climate change in the form of global warming is currently taking place Human activities that increase the concentrat...
Introduction to Climate Change The term climate refers to the weather conditions in a region over a long period of time i.e. several decades When the weather conditions in a region change significa...
Practical: The Hill Reaction The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane and involve the release of high-energy electrons from chlorophyll molecules in phot...
Products of Photosynthesis Intermediate molecules of the Calvin cycle such as glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP) are used to produce other biological molecules needed ...
Light-independent Reactions The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are sometimes referred to as the Calvin cycle The reactions produce complex organic molecules such as Starch for storag...
Light-dependent Reactions Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages The light-dependent reactions, which rely on light directly The light-independent reactions, which do not use light direc...
Chloroplasts: Structure & Function Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs Each chloroplast is surrounded by a double-membrane known as the chloroplast envelo...
ATP as a Supply of Energy All organisms require a constant supply of energy to maintain their cells and stay alive This energy is required e.g. For building new molecules from the products of diges...
