IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记16.1.1 Rate Equations
Rate Equations The rate of reaction can be found by: Measuring the decrease in the concentration of a reactant over time Measuring the increase in the concentration of a product over time The unit...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.5 Free Energy & Equilibrium
Free Energy & Equilibrium When ΔG < 0 for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the reaction is spontaneous When a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy i...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.4 Spontaneous Reactions
Spontaneous Reactions Gibbs free energy provides an effective way of focusing on a reaction system at constant temperature and pressure to determine its spontaneity For a reaction to be spontaneous...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.3 Gibbs Free Energy
Gibbs Free Energy Change Gibbs free energy The feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors, the enthalpy change and the [popover id="F7rfknVfbfcSJVkN" label='entropy change'] The two fa...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.2 Calculating Entropy Change
Calculating Standard Entropy Change The standard molar enthalpy values, Sꝋ, relate to standard conditions of temperature and pressure The entropy change, ΔSꝋ, can be calculated from thermodynamic d...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.1 Entropy
Entropy Entropy You may have wondered why it is that endothermic reactions occur at all, after all, what can be the driving force behind endothermic reactions if the products end up in a less stabl...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.5 Energy Changes in Aqueous Solutions
Measuring Energy Changes in the Lab Enthalpies of Solution Calorimetry can be used to find the energy change in chemical reactions. This is much easier to carry out in aqueous solutions We can take...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.4 Dissolution Energy Cycles
Dissolution Energy Cycles How are enthalpy of solution and hydration enthalpies related? The relationship between lattice enthalpy, hydration enthalpies and enthalpy of solution From the diagram we...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.3 Born-Haber Cycle Calculations
Born-Haber Cycle Calculations Once a Born-Haber cycle has been constructed, it is possible to calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlatꝋ) by applying Hess’s law and rearranging: ΔHfꝋ = ΔHatꝋ + ΔHatꝋ + IE...
