Practical 2: Estimation of Osmolarity NOS: Experimental design; accurate quantitative measurements in osmosis experiments are essential Planning is an essential part of experimental biology, it wil...
Drawing the Fluid Mosaic Model Membranes Membranes are vital structures found in all cells The cell surface membrane creates an enclosed space separating the internal cell environment from the exte...
Active Transport Active transport is the movement of molecules and ions through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiratio...
Passive Transport Simple diffusion Simple diffusion is a type of transportation that involves particles passing between phospholipids in the plasma membrane It can be defined as: The net movement, ...
History of Fluid Mosaic Model NOS: Using models as representations of the real world; there are alternative models of membrane structure Scientists use models to represent real world ideas, organis...
Membrane Proteins The phospholipid bilayer carries out the main function of the plasma membrane - to control the movement of substances into and out of the cell The other functions are carried out ...
Amphipathic Properties Phospholipids Phospholipids form the basic structure of the membrane (the phospholipid bilayer) They are formed by a hydrophilic phosphate head bonding with two hydrophobic h...
Drawing Cells Drawing the ultrastructure of cells To record the observations seen under the microscope (or from photomicrographs taken) a labelled biological drawing is often made Biological drawin...
Electron & Light Microscopes NOS: Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus; the invention of electron microscopes led to greater understanding of cell structure In s...
