The Key Reactions of the Halogenoalkanes Types of Reactions that halogenoalkanes undergo: Halogenoalkanes are much more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the electronegative halog...
Free Radical Substitution Free-radical substitution of alkanes Alkanes can undergo free-radical substitution in which a hydrogen atom gets substituted by a halogen (chlorine/bromine) Since ...
Combustion Alkanes are combusted (burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels Complete combustion When alkanes are burnt in excess (plenty of) oxygen, complete combustion will take place ...
Cracking Alkanes are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the addition reaction of hydrogen to an alkene or by cracking of longer alkane chains Crude oil Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbo...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical Isomerism Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types o...
Molecules: Straight, Branched & Cyclic Straight, branched and cyclic organic molecules are also called aliphatic compounds as long as they do not contain a benzene ring Straight-chain St...
Nomenclature Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system and the stem of ea...
Types of Formulae The general formula is a formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers Eg. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2 A homologous serie...
Reactions of Halide Ions A disproportionation reaction is a reaction in which the same species is both oxidised and reduced The reaction of chlorine with dilute alkali is an example of a dis...
Testing for Halides Silver ions & ammonia Halide ions can be identified in an unknown solution by dissolving the solution in nitric acid and then adding silver nitrate solution dropwise ...
美国大学入学人数跌破记录了！ 明明申请竞争那么激烈， 到底是什么情况？ 据美国国家学生信息中心（National Student Clearinghouse Research Center）最新数据显示：2022年春季本科入学人数相较去年减少了66.2万...
Halogens: Oxidising Agents Halogens react with metals by accepting an electron from the metal atom to become an ion with 1- charge Eg. Ca (s) + Cl2 (g) → CaCl2 (s) consisting of Ca2+ and ...
