菲尔兹（Fields）数学奖
最近关于数学的消息很多，先介绍当前最热门的数学相关话题，接着介绍菲尔兹（Fields）数学奖的来历，随后介绍2018菲尔兹数学奖的情况与相关的奥数话题争议，最后谈谈奥数又被躺枪的话题。
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2018年国际奥林匹克数学学术活动成绩揭晓：中国第三，俄罗斯第二，美国第一
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At the 1924 International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Toronto, a resolution was adopted that at each ICM, two gold medals should be awarded to recognize outstanding mathematical achievement. Professor J. C. Fields, a Canadian mathematician who was Secretary of the 1924 Congress, later donated funds establishing the medals, which were named in his honor. Fields wanted the awards to recognize both existing work and the promise of future achievement, as a result of which it was agreed to restrict the medals to mathematicians not over forty at the year of the Congress. The Fields Medal was first awarded in 1936, to Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and American mathematician Jesse Douglas. The next time the Fields Medals were awarded was in the year 1950 and has since then been awarded every four years on the occasion of the ICM. In 1966 it was agreed that, in light of the great expansion of mathematical research, up to four medals could be awarded at each Congress.
The Fields Medal Committee is chosen by the Executive Committee of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) and is normally chaired by the IMU President. It is asked to choose at least two, with a strong preference for four, such that it represents the diversity of mathematical fields. The official name of “Fields Medals” is “International medals for outstanding discoveries in mathematics”, and at times called as “Nobel prize for Mathematicians”. The medal is accompanied by a cash prize of CND$15,000.
There are some unique characteristics of the Fields Medal that make it different from a Nobel Prize. First it is awarded only every fourth year. Second, it is given for mathematical work done before the recipient is 40 years of age. Third, the monetary prize that goes with the Fields Medal is considerably less than the Nobel Prize. Fourth, the Fields Medal does not come out of Scandinavia. But the Fields Medal carries the same prestige in mathematical community as that of Nobel Prize in other areas since it is awarded by IMU the biggest mathematical association.
When the Norwegian Academy of Science decided to create a prize for mathematics in honor of Abel, they did so with the intention of rectifying what they saw as omission on the part of Nobel.
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1. 为什么大中华现在获得IMO金牌选手那么多，至今没有本土的获奖？
2. 那么多的奥数选手为什么不能拿奖？
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很多人对比Peter Scholze与柳智宇两者参赛获奖与后续的成长经历，就开始各种喷奥数教育，甚至喷北京大学的
转载一些经典的评论：
一、天津南开大学数学系教授，中国奥数的奠基人和推进者，李成章老师的一句话“菲尔兹奖你们去问大学要，关奥数什么事！”
二 何中国多奥数金牌而无诺贝尔奖？
有人提出这样的疑问：为什么那么多奥数金牌获得者却没有拿到过诺贝尔奖。这有多方面的因素：
（1）09年有机构做过研究，结论为中国恢复高考30年的高考状元中，在各领域取得成就者非常少。这一现象与获得奥数金牌和拿诺贝尔奖的原理极为相似。高考取得好成绩和获得奥数金牌是一种学习行为，而要在某一领域取得成就或获得诺贝尔奖则需要长期全身心地投入，进行长期的研究。
北京大学李伟固教授曾经拿跑步打过一个比方。学术活动只需要几个小时，高考也就2天，类似于测试学生的短跑能力，而诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖的获得则相当于测试学生的长跑能力，短跑选拔出来的人跑步会有一些优势，但未必能做长跑冠军。
（2）这一现象的出现还与国内目前的经济发展水平相关。在国外，很多奥数金牌获得者同样是诺贝尔奖及菲尔兹奖的获得者，但是我国很多奥数金牌获得者没有选择继续从事数学研究，而是选择投身行政管理、金融等高收入领域。因此，在目前大家更重视工作收入的状况下，短期内我国的奥数金牌获得者仍旧很难获得诺贝尔奖和菲尔兹奖。
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