5月机考SAT考前“抱佛脚”单词盘点

即离5月亚太机考只有几天了。俗话说，“临阵磨枪，不快也亮”老师整理了30多个在23年3月、1月和22年11月、9月、4月共五次机考SAT中出现过的词汇，供同学们考前“抱佛脚”用。

今天先了解一下机考SAT真题中曾经出现过的两个专有名词：

Dollar Store  廉价商品商店；“一元店”a shop that sells items very cheaply；a store that sells inexpensive items priced usually at a dollar or a few dollars

另外一个涉及到美国历史，这个单词是Underground， 也叫Underground Railroad，意思不是真的在地下修了一条铁路，而是指大概1830年代到1860年代，南方黑奴在各个城市的一些白人和自由黑人的帮助下，为获自由而偷偷地辗转多地跑到北方，形成的多条惯用逃跑路线。

这里的underground的意思是指“秘密的，地下的”（of or relating to the secret activities of people working to subvert an established order）

美国著名作家科尔森·怀特海德（Colson Whitehead）写了一本长篇小说《Underground》，讲的就是那段故事，2016年出版后获美国国家图书奖、、普利策奖，被译成多种文字（包括中译本），2021年改编成同名电视剧电视剧。

2020年9月北美SAT和2017年10月ACT考到了科尔森·怀特海德写的同一篇小说《Sag Harbor 》，2020年9月23日School Day SAT考了怀特海德的另一篇长篇小说《约翰·亨利日》（John Henry Days）。

另外语法部分出现了一个不太常用的副词，elsewhere。请同学们注意在倒装句中，elsewhere放在句首的情况，比如：

Elsewhere in the same book she gives another date.

她在同一本书的另一处给出了另一个（不同的）日期。

这个副词放在句首，带有微弱的转折的意思。

接下来是30个比较普通的单词，动词居多，也有形容词。里面有一些生词（略高过高中要求，高中生一般不认识的单词），也有一些是纸笔考SAT也喜欢考的熟词的生僻义。

prevail vi.占优势，占上风；获胜prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious

不及物动词，通常和介词over连用

例句：It is hard for logic to prevail over emotion.

逻辑很难战胜感情。

eclipse vt. 掩没（某人或物的）重要性 （或地位、声誉），使失色deprive (someone or something) of significance, power, or prominence

例句：The state of the economy has eclipsed the environment as the main issue.

经济状况超过环境问题而成为主要问题。

counteract vt.对抗；阻碍；抵制；抵消；中和act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralize it

同学们请注意，act是不及物动词，但是counteract却是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语

例句：The drug counteracts the effects of the poison.

这种药可抵消毒物的作用。

constrict vt. 抑制，限制；约束restrict

例句：The fear and the reality of crime constrict many people's lives.

对犯罪的恐惧和罪恶的现实束缚了许多人的生活

rectify vt. 纠正，矫正；修正，整顿put (something) right; correct

例句:Mistakes made now cannot be rectified later.

现在犯下的错误今后无法纠正。

reverberate vi.不断发生后效，不断引起反响have continuing and serious effects

例句:The statements by the professor reverberated through the Capitol.

教授的话不断在国会引起反响。

spurious adj. 假的；伪造的;（推理方法）貌似真实的，似是而非的,站不住脚的not being what it purports to be; false or fake; (of a line of reasoning) apparently but not actually valid

例句: This spurious reasoning results in nonsense.

这种站不住脚的推理到头来都是废话。

transpose vt. 转移，迁移；转换transfer to a different place or context

例句:The themes are transposed from the sphere of love to that of work.

主题从爱情转到了工作。

vt. 使变形，转变，使变化

change into a new form

例句：He transposed a gaffe by the mayor into a public-relations advantage.

他把市长的失态转变成了公关优势。

yield vt. 产生（效果、收益等）；带来（of an action or process) produce or deliver (a result, or gain)

例句：This method yields the same results.

这种方法产生同样的结果。

dictate vt.&vi. 控制；支配；决定control or decisively affect; determine

例句1：:Choice is often dictated by availability.

选择往往决定于是否有可能。

例句2：A review process can be changed as circumstances dictate.

审查过程可能会视具体情况的需要而有所改变。

mitigate vt. 使温和；使缓和、缓解；减轻（痛苦）make less severe, serious, or painful

例句：Drainage schemes have helped to mitigate this problem.

排污系统已经使问题得到缓和。

preclude vt. 防止，杜绝，使不可能prevent from happening; make impossible

例句：The secret nature of his work precluded official recognition.

他工作的机密性质使他不可能获得官方表彰。

glide n. 滑音，延长（发音 ）

a sound produced as the vocal organs move towards or away from articulation of a vowel or consonant, for example j in duke djuːk

prolong vt. 延长、拖长extend the duration of

例句：We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong ourstay by another week.

我们过得非常愉快，决定再多待一個星期。

humanoid adj.类人的；具有人的形状（或特征）的having an appearance or character resembling that of a human

intricate adj. 错综复杂的，盘根错节的；复杂精细的very complicated or detailed

daunting adj.看上去棘手难以处理、难以对付的；使人畏惧的；令人发怵的seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating

condescending adj. 行为表现出一种优越感的acting in a way that betrays a feeling of patronizing superiority towards someone

例句：She thought the teachers were arrogant and condescending.

她认为教师们傲慢自大且居高临下。

determine vt. （尤指通过研究或计算）探知；确定ascertain or establish exactly, typically as a result of research or calculation

例句：The point of our study was to determine what is true, not what is practicable.

我们研究的目的是要确定什么是真实的，而不是什么是可行的。

stipulate vt. 规定（要求）（尤指作为合同或协议的一部分）demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of a bargain or agreement

例句：He stipulated certain conditions before their marriage.

他在婚前订立了一些条件。

affecting adj. 感人的，打动人的evoking a strong emotional response

overreach oneself 伸手伸得过远；因做非力所及的事而失败defeat one's object by trying to do more than is possible

例句：The Church overreached itself in securing a territory that would prove impossible to hold.

教会要得到一块不可能保得住的土地，伸手过长（不自量力），会失败的。

conventional adj.传统的，习惯的based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed

inconsequential adj.微不足道的，无关紧要的；无意义的not important or significant

substantial adj. 很重要的；很可观的，大量的；很有价值的of considerable importance, size, or worth

constrain vt. 限制；约束，束缚severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of

例句：Agricultural development is considerably constrained by climate.

农业发展在相当程度上由气候所限制。

constrict vt. 限制、抑制to stultify, stop, or cause to falter 同义词为inhibit或restrict

例句：Too many rules had constricted her lifestyle.

太多的清规戒律限制了她的生活方式。

fabricate vt. （存心）捏造，虚构invent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent

例句：Officers fabricated evidence.

官员们捏造了证据。

promulgate vt. （思想，事业）宣传，散布，传播promote or make widely known (an idea or cause)

例句：These objectives have to be promulgated within the organization.

这些目标必须在机构内广而告之。

Ingenious adj. （人）机灵的；有独创性的；具创造力的(of a person) clever, original, and inventive

例句：He was ingenious enough to overcome the limited budget.

他足智多谋，足以克服预算有限的困难。

lament vt. 惋惜，表示失望express regret or disappointment over something considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair

例句：She lamented the lack of shops in the town.

她叹惜城中缺少商店。