CIE IGCSE Biology: 复习笔记：1.1.4 Features of Organisms

• The first division of living things in the classification system is to put them into one of five kingdoms. They are:
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Protoctists
  • Prokaryotes

• Main features of all animals:
  • they are multicellular
  • their cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
  • they feed on organic substances made by other living things

A typical animal cell

• Main features of all plants:
  • they are multicellular
  • their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
  • they all feed by photosynthesis

A typical plant cell

• Several main features are used to place organisms into groups within the animal kingdom

Vertebrates

• All vertebrates have a backbone
  • There are 5 classes of vertebrates

Vertebrate Table

Vertebrate classification

Invertebrates

• Invertebrates do not possess a backbone
• One of the morphological characteristics used to classify invertebrates is whether they have legs or not
• All invertebrates with jointed legs are part of the phylum Arthropods
• They are classified further into the following classes:

Invertebrate Table

Arthropod classification

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