Edexcel A Level Economics A:复习笔记4.4.1 Role of Financial Markets
Role of Financial Markets
- Financial markets are any place or system that provides buyers & sellers the means to exchange goods/services & trade financial instruments
- These include bonds, equities, international currencies, & derivatives
- They facilitate saving: storing money for future use is essential for households & firms. It also provides a pool of money that financial institutions can lend i.e. one person's savings is another person's borrowing
- They lend to businesses & individuals: access to credit is a key requirement for economic growth & development. Being able to borrow money speeds up consumption by households & investment by firms. It also allows households or firms to purchase assets & pay them off over an extended period of time e.g. mortgages on home purchases
- They facilitate the exchange of goods & services: each purchase of goods/services requires the movement of money between at least two parties. Financial markets provide multiple ways for this exchange to happen including phone apps (Google Pay), debit cards, credit cards & bank transfers
- They provide forward markets in currencies & commodities: forward markets are also called futures markets. They provide some price stability in commodity markets & enable investors to make a profit by speculating on future prices
- They provide a market for equities: equities are shares in public companies that are listed on stock exchanges around the world. Financial markets facilitate both long term investment & speculation by providing platforms which connect buyers & sellers e.g. E-Trade
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