Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.5.4 Aromatic Amine Formation

• Phenylamine is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring and an amine (NH2) functional group
  • Phenylamine is sometimes known as aminobenzene and aniline
• Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2, can be reduced to phenylamine, C6H5NH2, according to the following two-stage reaction:

The two-stage reduction reaction of nitrobenzene to phenylamine

Stage 1 - Reduction of nitrobenzene

• Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2, is reacted with tin, Sn, and concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl
  • Tin and hydrochloric acid act as reducing agents
• The reaction mixture is heated under reflux in a boiling water bath
• The phenylammonium ions, C6H5NH3+, are protonated due to the acidic conditions

Stage 2 - Formation of phenylamine

• • The phenylammonium ions, C6H5NH3+, are deprotonated by the addition of excess sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH (aq)