IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记10.1.9 Organic Families - Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Amines

• There are three organic nitrogen families that you need to know: amines, amides and nitriles
• Amine is the name given to compounds containing the functional group amino, -NH₂
• Amines are derived from ammonia where one H in ammonia (NH₃)has been replaced by an R (alkyl) group
• The general formula of an amine is C_nH_2n+1NH₂ which can be shortened to just RNH₂
• The nomenclature of an amine follows the pattern alkyl + amine or amino + alkane
  • E.g. propylamine or aminopropane

Amides

• Amide is the name given to compounds containing the functional group carboxamide, -CONH₂
• Amides are a combination of amino and carbonyl groups
• The general formula of an amide is C_nH_2n+1CONH₂ which can be shortened to just RCONH₂
• The nomenclature of an amide follows the pattern alkan + amide

Nitriles

• Nitriles are compounds containing the functional group nitrile, -CN
• This is the same CN group that is called a cyanide group as an ion, just as hydroxyl group, OH is called hydroxide in inorganic chemistry
• The general formula of an nitrile is C_nH_2n+1CN which can be shortened to just RCN
• The nomenclature of a nitrile follows the pattern alkane + nitrile (some people leave out the 'e' on the alkane)
  • E.g ethanenitrile or ethannitrile

Organic Nitrogen Compounds Examples