Edexcel IGCSE Physics 复习笔记 5.2.1 Solids, Liquids & Gases

• Matter can exist in one of three different states: solid, liquid, or gas

Solids

• In a solid:
  • The particles are closely packed
  • The particles vibrate about fixed positions

   

• Solids have:
  • A definite shape (they are rigid)
  • A definite volume

   

Liquids

• In a liquid:
  • The particles are closely packed
  • The particles can flow over one another

   

• Liquids have:
  • No definite shape – they are able to flow and will take the shape of a container
  • A definite volume

   

Gases

• In a gas:
  • The particles are far apart
  • The particles move randomly

   

• Gases have:
  • No definite shape – they will take the shape of their container
  • No fixed volume – if placed in an evacuated container they will expand to fill the container

   

• Gases are highly compressible, this is because:
  • There are large gaps between the particles
  • It is easier to push the particles closer together than in solids or liquids

   

Diagram showing the three states of matter in terms of shape and volume

Solid, Liquid, Gas Summary Table

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